Cov yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam rau qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov mos txwv ntawm lub cev armor tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm ob yam: kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm qhov projectile ( mos txwv lossis shrapnel ) thiab cov khoom siv mos mos. Raws li qhov projectile muaj kev txhawj xeeb, nws lub zog kinetic, cov duab thiab cov khoom siv yog qhov tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab nws qhov nkag mus.
Cov mos txwv zoo ib yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlau lead-cored lossis cov mos txwv zoo tib yam steel-cored, yuav deform thaum lawv tau ntsib nrog cov ntaub ntawv mos txwv. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, ib feem ntawm lub kinetic zog ntawm cov mos txwv yog noj, yog li ntawd zoo txo tau lub nkag mus rau lub mos txwv quab yuam, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb nam ntawm lub zog nqus mechanism ntawm lub mos txwv. Rau cov foob pob, grenades, thiab lwm yam shrapnels los yog lwm qhov tawg tawg ua los ntawm cov mos txwv, qhov xwm txheej no txawv heev. Cov shrapnels no muaj cov duab tsis sib xws, cov npoo ntse, lub teeb yuag thiab me me, thiab yuav tsis deform tom qab ntaus cov ntaub ntawv mos mos, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom mos mos mos. Feem ntau hais lus, qhov ceev ntawm cov khib nyiab zoo li no tsis siab, tab sis tus nqi yog loj thiab ntom.
Tus yuam sij rau lub zog nqus ntawm cov khoom zoo li no los ntawm cov ntaub mos mos ntawm lub cev yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias cov khoom tawg, ncab thiab tawg cov xov paj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ballistic, thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov xov paj hauv cov ntaub thiab cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub, ua rau lub zuag qhia tag nrho deformation ntawm cov ntaub. Hauv cov txheej txheem saum toj no, cov khoom tawg ua haujlwm rau sab nraud, yog li siv lawv lub zog. Nyob rau saum toj no ob hom ntawm lub cev lub zog nqus cov txheej txheem, ib feem me me ntawm lub zog tau hloov mus rau hauv lub zog hluav taws xob los ntawm kev sib txhuam (fiber / fiber, fiber / mos txwv), thiab hloov mus rau lub zog suab los ntawm kev cuam tshuam. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv mos mos, thiaj li ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm lub cev armor kom nqus tau lub zog kinetic ntawm cov mos txwv thiab lwm yam projectiles mus rau qhov loj tshaj plaws, cov ntaub ntawv mos mos yuav tsum muaj lub zog siab, zoo toughness, thiab muaj zog nqus zog. Cov ntaub ntawv siv rau hauv lub cev armor, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mos lub cev armor, yog cov fibers ua haujlwm siab. Cov fibers ua haujlwm siab no yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog siab thiab siab modulus. Txawm hais tias qee qhov kev ua tau zoo fiber ntau xws li carbon fiber lossis boron fiber ntau muaj zog, lawv yeej tsis haum rau lub cev armor vim tsis yooj yim, tsis muaj zog tawg, nyuaj rau spinning thiab ua, thiab tus nqi siab.
Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, rau ballistic fabrics, nws cov mos txwv cov nyhuv yog nyob ntawm cov nram qab no yam: fiber ntau tensile zog, fiber elongation ntawm so thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm so, fiber modulus, fiber ntau orientation thiab kev nyuaj siab yoj kis ceev, fiber ntau fineness ntawm fiber, txoj kev. fiber ntau yog sib sau ua ke, qhov hnyav fiber ntau hauv ib cheeb tsam, cov qauv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xov paj, cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub, lub thickness ntawm fiber mesh txheej, tus naj npawb ntawm cov txheej ntawm cov mesh txheej los yog ntaub txheej, thiab lwm yam. kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau siv rau kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam nyob ntawm lub zog tawg ntawm fiber ntau thiab kev sib kis ceev ntawm kev ntxhov siab yoj. Kev ntxhov siab nthwv dej yuav tsum tau nthuav dav kom sai li sai tau, thiab lub zog tawg ntawm cov fiber ntau nyob rau hauv qhov kev kub ceev yuav tsum siab npaum li qhov ua tau. Lub tensile rupture ua hauj lwm ntawm ib yam khoom yog lub zog uas cov khoom yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm sab nraud quab yuam, thiab nws yog ib tug muaj nuj nqi muaj feem xyuam rau tensile zog thiab elongation deformation. Yog li, theoretically, qhov siab dua lub zog tensile, lub zog elongation deformation muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom, lub peev xwm ntau dua rau lub zog nqus.
Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev xyaum, cov khoom siv rau lub cev armor tsis tau tso cai kom muaj ntau dhau deformation, yog li cov fiber ntau siv rau lub cev armor yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dua rau deformation, uas yog, lub siab modulus. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov xov paj ntawm lub ballistic tsis kam yog vim qhov sib txawv ntawm ib leeg fiber ntau zog siv tus nqi thiab tag nrho elongation deformation peev xwm ntawm cov xov paj vim txawv cov xov paj. Cov txheej txheem tawg ntawm cov xov paj ua ntej yog nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem tawg ntawm cov fiber ntau, tab sis vim tias nws yog ib qho sib xyaw, muaj qhov sib txawv loj hauv kev tawg. Yog hais tias qhov zoo ntawm cov fiber ntau zoo, qhov entanglement nyob rau hauv cov xov paj yog nruj dua, thiab lub zog ntau dua, yog li ua kom lub zog ntawm cov xov paj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov ncaj thiab qhov sib luag ntawm cov txheej txheem fiber ntau hauv cov xov paj, tus naj npawb ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem sab hauv thiab sab nrauv, thiab qhov sib tw ntawm cov xov paj muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov xov paj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub zog tensile thiab elongation. thaum so. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov xov paj thiab cov xov paj thiab cov xov paj thiab lub cev elasticity thaum lub sij hawm kev sib tsoo, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xov paj yuav muaj zog los yog tsis muaj zog ntawm ob qho tib si saum toj no. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov roj thiab cov dej noo nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov xov paj yuav txo qhov tsis kam ntawm cov mos txwv los yog shrapnel kom nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom, yog li tib neeg feem ntau yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab qhuav cov khoom, thiab nrhiav txoj hauv kev los txhim kho qhov kev nkag mus. Synthetic fibers nrog lub zog tensile siab thiab siab modulus feem ntau yog kev taw qhia, yog li cov fiber ntau yog du thiab coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam yog tsawg. Thaum cov fibers no tau siv rau hauv cov ntaub mos txwv, lub peev xwm hloov lub zog ntawm cov fibers tsis zoo tom qab foob pob, thiab qhov kev ntxhov siab tsis tuaj yeem kis tau sai, yog li txo cov peev txheej ntawm cov ntaub los thaiv cov mos txwv. Cov txheej txheem ib txwm ua kom muaj kev sib txhuam coefficient ntawm qhov chaw, xws li raising thiab corona xov, yuav txo tau lub zog ntawm fiber ntau, thaum txoj kev ntawm cov ntaub txheej yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau lub" vuam" nruab nrab ntawm cov fibers thiab cov fibers, ua rau cov mos txwv shock yoj nyob rau hauv cov xov paj Lub reflection tshwm sim tom qab, ua rau cov fibers tawg ntxov ntxov. Yuav kom daws tau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no, tib neeg tau tuaj nrog ntau txoj hauv kev. AlliedSignal (AlliedSignal) tau qhia txog huab cua-qhov txhab kho mob fiber ntau rau kev ua lag luam, uas ua rau kom muaj kev sib cuag ntawm cov mos txwv thiab cov fiber ntau los ntawm entanglement ntawm fiber ntau hauv cov xov paj.
Hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas Patent No. 5,035,111, ib txoj hauv kev los txhim kho cov kev sib txhuam coefficient ntawm cov xov paj los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem sheath-core fibers. Tus"core" ntawm no fiber ntau yog ib tug high-strength fiber, thiab lub" daim tawv nqaij" siv cov fiber ntau nrog lub zog qis me ntsis thiab ntau dua coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam. Cov tom kawg suav rau 5% mus rau 25%. Txoj kev tsim los ntawm lwm tus US patent 5255241 zoo ib yam li qhov no. Nws coats saum npoo ntawm high-strength fiber ntau nrog ib txheej nyias ntawm high-kev sib txhuam polymer los txhim kho cov ntaub' s muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv hlau nkag. Qhov kev tsim kho no tau hais meej tias cov txheej txheej polymer yuav tsum muaj zog adhesion rau saum npoo ntawm high-strength fiber, txwv tsis pub cov txheej txheej uas tev tawm thaum bombarded yuav ua raws li ib tug khoom lubricant ntawm cov fibers, yog li txo qhov nto ntawm fiber. Coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam. Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom siv fiber ntau thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xov paj, ib qho tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm ntawm cov phom sij ntawm lub cev armor yog cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub. Cov qauv ntaub hom siv rau ntawm lub cev software armor muaj xws li knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, non-weft fabrics, koob-punched non-woven felts, thiab lwm yam. Knitted fabrics muaj ntau elongation, uas yog zoo los txhim kho kev nplij siab ntawm hnav. Tab sis hom kev elongation siab siv rau kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim hais tias knitted fabrics muaj cov yam ntxwv anisotropic, lawv muaj ntau theem ntawm kev cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia. Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias knitted fabrics muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm, lawv tsuas yog tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov hnab looj tes tiv thaiv, fencing suits, thiab lwm yam, thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv tag nrho rau lub cev armor. Qhov ntau siv lub cev armors yog woven fabrics, non-weft fabrics thiab koob-punched non-woven felts. Vim lawv cov qauv sib txawv, peb hom ntaub no muaj cov cuab yeej sib txawv ntawm cov mos txwv, thiab ballistics tseem tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia txaus. Feem ntau hais lus, tom qab cov mos txwv hits cov ntaub, nws yuav tsim ib qho radial vibration yoj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm qhov cuam tshuam thiab kis tau los ntawm cov xov paj ntawm kev kub ceev.
Thaum lub vibration yoj mus txog qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov xov paj, ib feem ntawm cov yoj yuav raug xa mus raws li cov xov paj qub mus rau sab nraud ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam, lwm qhov yuav raug xa mus rau sab hauv ntawm cov xov paj interlaced, thiab qee qhov yuav cuam tshuam. raws li cov xov paj qub. Rov qab mus thiab tsim ib qho kev cuam tshuam yoj. Ntawm cov saum toj no peb hom ntaub, cov ntaub woven muaj cov ntsiab lus interweaving tshaj plaws. Tom qab raug ntaus los ntawm cov mos txwv, lub zog kinetic ntawm cov mos txwv tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov xov paj ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam, kom lub zog cuam tshuam ntawm cov mos txwv los yog shrapnel tuaj yeem nqus tau rau hauv thaj chaw loj dua. . Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, interweaving point plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug ruaj kawg invisibly. Lub reflected nthwv dej tsim nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ruaj thiab qhov teeb meem thawj nthwv dej yuav tsum superimposed nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, uas zoo heev txhim khu lub stretching nyhuv ntawm cov xov paj, thiab so tom qab tshaj nws lub zog tawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov shrapnel me me tuaj yeem thawb ib qho xov paj hauv cov ntaub qhwv tawm, yog li txo qhov kev nkag mus ntawm cov shrapnel. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib txawv, yog tias qhov ntom ntawm cov ntaub yog nce, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov teeb meem saum toj no tuaj yeem raug txo, thiab lub zog ntawm cov ntaub npuag tuaj yeem txhim kho, tab sis qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev xav thiab superposition ntawm kev ntxhov siab yoj yuav yog. txhim kho. Kev hais lus theoretical, kom tau txais qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev tiv thaiv yog siv cov ntaub ntawv unidirectional yam tsis muaj interlacing cov ntsiab lus. Qhov no kuj yog qhov pib ntawm" Shield" tshuab." Shield" technology, los yog" unidirectional array" thev naus laus zis, yog ib txoj hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv tsis zoo uas tsis yog-woven cov mos txwv cov ntaub ntawv uas tau tsim thiab patented los ntawm United Signal Corporation nyob rau hauv 1988. Txoj cai siv cov cuab yeej patented no kuj tau tso cai rau Dutch tuam txhab DSM. Cov ntaub ua los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis no yog cov ntaub tsis muaj ntaub. Cov ntaub uas tsis yog-weft yog tsim los ntawm kev npaj cov fibers nyob rau hauv parallel nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia thiab khi lawv nrog ib tug thermoplastic resin. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov fibers tau hla ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab nias nrog cov thermoplastic resin.
Feem ntau ntawm lub zog ntawm cov mos txwv los yog shrapnel yog absorbed los ntawm ncab thiab rhuav tshem cov fibers ntawm los yog ze ntawm qhov cuam tshuam. Tus" Shield" npuag tuaj yeem tuav lub zog qub ntawm fiber ntau rau qhov loj tshaj plaws, thiab sai sai tawg lub zog mus rau thaj chaw loj, thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yog qhov yooj yim. Cov ntaub ib txheej uas tsis yog-weft tuaj yeem siv los ua cov pob txha pob txha ntawm lub cev mos armor tom qab laminated, thiab ntau txheej tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo xws li cov mos txwv tsis muaj zog. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov saum toj no ob hom ntaub, feem ntau ntawm lub zog projectile yog absorbed los ntawm fibers ntawm qhov cuam tshuam los yog ze ntawm qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ncab ntau dhau los yog tho kom tawg cov fibers, ces rab koob punched nonwoven xav yog lub mos txwv mechanism ntawm lub qauv ntaub tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia.
Vim tias kev sim tau pom tias fiber ntau tawg tsis tshua tshwm sim hauv koob punched nonwoven xav. Lub koob-punched nonwoven xav yog tsim los ntawm ntau lub luv fibers, tsis muaj interweaving point, thiab yuav luag tsis muaj qhov taw tes ruaj khov ntawm lub zog nthwv dej. Cov nyhuv ntawm cov mos txwv nyob ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm ntawm cov mos txwv cuam tshuam lub zog hauv kev xav. Nws tau pom tias tom qab raug ntaus los ntawm shrapnel, muaj ib qho yob ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm Fragment Simulating Projectile (FSP). Yog li ntawd, nws yog kwv yees hais tias lub cev projectile los yog shrapnel ua blunt ntawm thawj theem ntawm kev cuam tshuam, ua rau nws nyuaj rau nkag mus rau hauv ntaub. Ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tau taw qhia tias cov modulus ntawm fiber ntau thiab qhov ceev ntawm kev xav yog lub ntsiab tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau cov txiaj ntsig ballistic ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub. Koob punched non-woven felts yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv tub rog mos txwv vests mas ua los ntawm mos mos cov ntaub ntawv.
